Methods and apparatuses for determining real-time location information of RFID devices

ABSTRACT

An apparatus is described. The apparatus includes an antenna array configured to detect one or more radio frequency signals from one or more radio emitters and an integrated circuit chip coupled to the array of antennas. The integrated circuit chip comprises a first plurality of processing elements configured to determine a location of the one or more emitters based on the one or more radio frequency signals and a second plurality of processing elements configured to process the location information for communication via a cellular network. The apparatus further includes an antenna coupled to the second plurality of processing elements and configured to communicate the processed location information via a cellular network.

BACKGROUND

Many traditional systems for determining real-time location informationof wireless devices require complex systems embedded in the device to belocated. For example, accelerometers or global positioning systems aretypically used to determine the locations of devices. Such systems areelectronically complex, expensive, consume significant power, and areoften fragile. There is a need for an inexpensive mechanism to determinethe locations of objects.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems tags typically contain atleast two parts: an integrated circuit for storing and processinginformation, modulating and demodulating a radio-frequency (RF) signal,collecting DC power from the incident reader signal, and otherspecialized functions; and an antenna for receiving and transmitting thesignal. The tag information is typically stored in a non-volatilememory. The RFID tag includes either fixed or programmable logic forprocessing the transmission and sensor data, respectively.

An RFID reader may transmit an encoded radio signal to interrogate thetag or passively receive a signal from the RFID tag. The RFID tagreceives the message and then responds with its identification and otherinformation. This may be only a unique tag serial number, or may beproduct-related information such as a stock number, lot or batch number,production date, or other specific information. Since tags haveindividual serial numbers, the RFID system design can discriminate amongseveral tags that might be within the range of the RFID reader and readthem simultaneously.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication system, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an integrated circuit chip included in themobile device, in accordance with an embodiment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 depicts a method of determining real-time location informationfor RFID devices, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 4 depicts a method of determining absolute location information forRFID devices, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a plurality of processing elements andcommunication interfaces, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a plurality of processing elements, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a processing element, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless communication system, generallydesignated 100, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. The communication system 100 includes a plurality of RFIDdevices 102, a mobile device 104, and a cellular node 108 connected tothe mobile device 104 via a network 106. The network 106 may generallybe any type of communications network. The network 106 may be a wirednetwork, a wireless network, or a combination thereof. For example, thenetwork 106 may be a cellular network, such as 3G, 4G, or 5G. In otherembodiments, the network 106 may be a Wi-Fi network. The network 106 maybe a local area network or a wide area network.

The plurality of RFID devices 102 may be any type of device that emitsan RFID signal. For example, the RFID devices 102 may be, for example,RFID tags or labels. The RFID devices 102 may be passive, active, orbattery assisted passive. An active tag may have an on-board battery andperiodically transmits its ID signal. A battery-assisted passive tag mayhave a small battery on board and is activated when in the presence ofan RFID reader. A passive tag may be cheaper and smaller because it maynot have a battery. Instead, the passive tag may use the radio energytransmitted by the reader to operate a passive tag. The RFID devices 102may include one or more antennas for transmitting its ID signal as aradio frequency signal.

The mobile device 104 may detect the ID signals of one or more of the MDdevices 102, determine the location information of the RFID devices 102,and transmit the location information. The mobile device 104 may be, forexample, a smartphone, a laptop computer, or a tablet computer. Themobile device 104 may include a reconfigurable fabric of processors thatare dynamically configurable to receive the ID signals from the RFIDdevices 102, process the received signals to determine the relativelocations of the RFID devices 102 with respect to the mobile device 104,and transmit the location information according to a communicationprotocol implemented by the network 106.

The mobile device 104 may be coupled to an antenna array 110. Theantenna array 110 may generally be any type of antenna, such as a wireantenna (e.g., a dipole antenna, a loop antenna, a monopole antenna, ahelix antenna, etc.), an aperture antenna (e.g., a waveguide, a hornantenna, etc.), a reflector antenna (e.g., a parabolic reflector, acorner reflector, etc.), a lens antenna (e.g., a convex-plane, aconcave-plane, a convex-convex, or a concave-concave), a microstripantenna (e.g., a circular shaped, rectangular shaped, metallic patch,etc.), an array antenna (e.g., a Yagi-Uda antenna, a micro strip patcharray, an aperture array, a slotted wave guide array, etc.), orcombinations thereof. In some embodiments, there may be 16 antennas inthe antenna array 110. In another embodiment, 64 antennas may beincluded in the antenna array 110. In other embodiments, other numbersof antennas may be used. The mobile device 104 may be configured tomanipulate the antenna array 110 for example, by beamforming.Beamforming typically uses a phased antenna array in such a way thatsignals at particular angles experience constructive interference whilesignals at other angles experience destructive interference.

The cellular node 108 may be a node in a cellular network that has aknown location. For example, the cellular node 108 may be a router, acellular tower, a computer, or any other type of device with a knownlocation and communicates with the mobile device 104 via the network106. The cellular node 108 may be configured to receive the relativelocation information of the RFID devices and the location of the mobiledevice 104. The cellular node may then calculate the absolute locationsof the RFID devices 102 based on the relative locations of the RFIDdevices 102 and the location of the mobile device 104.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an integrated circuit chip 202 included inthe mobile device 104, in accordance with an embodiment of FIG. 1. Theintegrated circuit chip 202 is a single chip capable of processingcommunications signals. Examples of single chip systems include thosewhere circuitry for performing the described tasks are fabricated onand/or into a common substrate generally using semiconductor fabricationtechniques. The integrated circuit chip 202 includes a plurality ofprocessing elements 204, a network on chip (NOC) 206, a distributionunit 208, a radio interface 210, and a cellular interface 212. Theintegrated circuit chip 202 may be coupled to a plurality of antennas214. The plurality of antennas 214 may include a first set of antennas216 and a second set of antennas 218. The plurality of antennas 214 maybe implemented as the antenna array 110 of FIG. 1.

The processing elements 204 may be implemented using one or moreprocessors, for example, having any number of cores. In some examples,the processing elements 204 may include circuitry, including customcircuitry, and/or firmware for performing functions described herein.For example, circuitry can include a multiplication unit/accumulationunits for performing the described functions, as described herein.Processing elements 204 can be any type including but not limited to amicroprocessor or a digital signal processor (DSP), or any combinationthereof. For example, processing elements 204 can include levels ofcaching, such as a level one cache and a level two cache, a core, andregisters. An example processor core can include an arithmetic logicunit (ALU), a bit manipulation unit, a multiplication unit, anaccumulation unit, an adder unit, a look-up table unit, a memory look-upunit, or any combination thereof.

The NOC 206 may be implemented as an on-chip communications sub-systemconfigured to facilitate communication between the processing elements204 and the distribution unit 208. The NOC 206 may include, for example,one or more links, such as copper wires, connecting the processingelements 204 and the distribution unit 208 and configured to carryinformation from the processing elements 204 to the distribution unit208 and vice versa.

The distribution unit 208 may include instructions sets (e.g., one ormore program instructions or operations) to be performed by theprocessing elements 204. For example, the distribution unit 208 mayinclude instructions sets to perform certain logic or arithmeticoperations on data, transmit data from one processing element 204 toanother processing element 204, or perform other operations. In someembodiments, a first instruction set may be loaded onto a firstprocessing element 204 from the distribution unit 208 and includeinstructions for a processing element to receive a signal of a firsttype (e.g., a signal associated with a received radio signal), toprocess the received signal of a first type to generate a set of data,and to transmit the set of data to a second processing element 204. Asecond instruction set may be loaded onto a second processing element204 by the distribution unit 208 and be configured to receive the set ofdata, process the set of data to generate a second signal of a secondtype and to transmit the second signal with a plurality of antennas. Thedistribution unit 208 may be stored on one or more memories, such as avolatile (e.g., dynamic random access memory (DRAM)) or non-volatilememory (e.g., Flash memory). The instructions sets in the distributionunit 208 may be stored in one or more data structures, such as adatabase.

The radio interface 210 may be coupled to the plurality of antennas 214and to one or more of the processing elements 204. The radio interface210 may be configured to receive radio signals detected by the pluralityof antennas 214 and convert the received signals into a signal that canbe manipulated by the one or more processing elements 204 and route theresulting signal to the one or more processing elements. In someembodiments, radio interface 210 may include an analog to digitalconverter. In other embodiments, the radio interface 210 may includeadditional or different components, circuits, etc. Although described asa “radio interface,” in some examples, the interface may generally beadapted to convert a received signal of any type to a signal that can bemanipulated by the processing elements 204. For example, the radiointerface 210 may be configured to receive Wi-Fi signals, opticalsignals, auditory signals, or any other type of signals. In someembodiments, the radio interface 210 is configured to receive RFIDsignals detected by the plurality of antennas 214 and to provide thereceived signals to the one or more processing elements 204.

The cellular interface 212 may be coupled to the plurality of antennas214 and to one or more of the processing elements 204. The cellularinterface 212 may be configured to transmit/receive cellular signalswith the plurality of antennas 214 and convert the signals between asignal that can be manipulated by the one or more processing elements204 and a signal that can be transmitted using the plurality of antennas214. In some embodiments, cellular interface 212 may include a digitalto analog converter. In other embodiments, the cellular interface 212may include additional or different components, circuits, etc. Althoughdescribed as a “cellular interface,” in some examples, the interface maygenerally be adapted to any type of signal. A cellular signal maygenerally refer to any protocol of cellular signal, such as 3G, 4G, 4GLTE, 5G, etc. The cellular interface 212 may be configured to transmitWi-Fi signals, optical signals, auditory signals, or any other type ofsignals. In some embodiments, the cellular interface 212 is configuredto transmit a different type of signal than the radio interface 210.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the plurality of antennas 214 includes afirst subset of antennas 216 configured to receive radio signals and tocommunicate the received signals to the radio interface 210. Theplurality of antennas 214 further includes a second subset of antennas218 configured to communicate over a cellular network. The second subsetof antennas 218 may receive signals from the cellular interface 212 andtransmit the received signals to one or more cellular nodes (not shown),such as a cellular tower. In various embodiments, the plurality ofantennas 214 may be configurable. For example, antennas in the pluralityof antennas 214 may be adjustable to receive and/or transmit signals ofdifferent types. In such embodiments, the first subset of antennas 216and the second subset of antennas 218 may be the same antennas. Forexample, the first subset of antennas 216 may be configured to receiveradio signals, such as an RFID signal and to communicate the receivedradio signal to the processing elements 204 via the radio interface 210.The first subset of antennas 216 may be reconfigured to communicateusing a cellular network as the second subset of antennas 218. Forexample, the plurality of antennas 218 may include or be coupled to anintegrated inner mechanism, such as RF switches, varactors, mechanicalactuators, or tunable materials, that enable the intentionalredistribution of currents over the surface of the antenna to producemodifications of its properties. The processing elements 204 may processthe received radio signals according to the instruction sets provided bythe distribution unit 208 and communicate a resulting cellular signal tothe second subset of antennas 218 via the cellular interface 212. Thesecond subset of antennas 218 may then communicate the received signalsvia a cellular network.

Note that, by receiving RFID signals, in some examples, anidentification layer may be provided by single-chip solutions describedherein. For example, the RFID signals received may identify the RFIDdevice from which the signal was received. The identification (ID) maybe stored by devices and systems described herein and may be used totrack and/or authenticate particular RFID devices and/or RFID-taggeddevices in a system. Moreover, metadata about RFID-tagged objects may bestored in a location accessible to devices described herein (e.g. in thecloud or otherwise accessible over the Internet or other network). Inthis manner, systems described herein may not only detect the object andrecord its unique ID (e.g. serial number), but an application can lookup that RFID tag's metadata and perform additional functions, asappropriate to the nature of the tagged item. Examples described hereinmay further accordingly provide proximity-triggered applications (e.g.when a particular person or object, identified by an ID obtained from anassociated RFID signal, enters a location, a relevant application may beactivated).

FIG. 3 depicts a method of determining real-time location informationfor RFID devices, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. In operation 302, the mobile device 104 receives RFID signalsfrom the RFID devices 102 via the antenna array 110. The mobile device104 may manipulate the antenna array 110 using beamforming to direct theantenna array to scan over an area to determine the relative directionsto the RFID devices 102. The mobile device 104 may manipulate theantenna array 110 by manipulating one or more coefficients, where thecoefficients correspond to a particular angle at which the antenna array110 is focused. By manipulating the coefficients, the direction in whichthe antenna array 110 is focused may be altered to determine from whichdirections the ID signals from the RFID devices 102 are the strongest.Because each antenna in the antenna array 110 detects the ID signal fromeach RFID device 102 from a slightly different angle, directionalinformation from a plurality of different angles is detected by themobile device 104, which can then be used to triangulate the preciselocations of the RFID devices 102.

In operation 304, the mobile device 104 transmits the received RFIDsignals to a first set of processing elements, such as one or more ofthe processing elements 204 of FIG. 2. For example, the RFID signals maybe received by one or more of the plurality of antennas 214 andtransmitted to the radio interface 210. The radio interface 210 may thenconvey the received signals to one or more of the processing elements204 to be processed according to an instruction set provided by thedistribution unit 208.

In operation 306, the mobile device 104 determines relative locationinformation of the RFID devices 102. With reference to FIG. 2, a aninstruction set instruction set may be loaded into the first set ofprocessing elements 204 by the distribution unit 208 to process thereceived ID signals and determine the relative locations of the RFIDdevices 102. As discussed above, each antenna in the antenna array 110detects the ID signals of the RFID devices 102 from a different angle.Based on the measured angles from which the ID signals are measured andthe known distance between the antennas detecting the ID signals, thedistance and direction to an emitting RFID device 102 can be determinedusing geometry, such as the law of sines.

In operation 308, the mobile device 104 transmits the locationinformation to the cellular node 108. The instruction set that the firstset of processing elements are executing may include instructions totransmit the relative location information to a second set of processingelements 204 executing a second processing element instruction set. Thesecond processing element instruction set may include instructions forthe second set of processing elements 204 to convert the receivedlocation information into a format for transmission over the network 106to the cellular node 108. For example, the second set of processingelements 204 may convert the relative location information into one ormore data packets and transmit the one or more data packets to thesecond set of antennas 218 to be transmitted to the cellular node 108via the network 106.

Once the cellular node 108 receives the relative location information ofthe RFID devices 102, any number of operations may be performed tofurther process the received information and/or initiate futureoperations based on the received location information. For example, thecellular node 108 may derive the absolute locations of the RFID devices102, calculate the location direction of travel of the mobile device104, and/or predict the destination of the mobile device 104.Other/additional data processing steps may also be performed.

FIG. 4 depicts a method of determining absolute location information forRFID devices, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

In operation 402, the mobile device 104 detects real-time relativelocation information of the RFID devices 102. The detection anddetermination of the relative location information of the RFID devices102 may be determined as described above with respect to operations302-306 of FIG. 3. In operation 402, the mobile device 104 transmits thereal-time location information to the fixed cellular node 108. Thereal-time location information may be transmitted to the cellular node108 as described above with respect to operation 308 of FIG. 3.

In operation 406, the mobile device 104 transmits location informationfor the mobile device 104 to the fixed cellular node 108. The mobiledevice 104 may include one or more devices for determining the locationof the mobile device 104 relative to the fixed cellular node. Forexample, the mobile device 104 may include a global positioning system,an accelerometer, or any other device for determining the location ofthe mobile device 104 relative to the cellular node 108. In anotherembodiment, the cellular node 108 may detect the location of the mobiledevice 104 in a manner similar to the method described in FIG. 3 fordetecting the locations of the RFID devices 102. In such an embodiment,the cellular node 108 may include an antenna array that detects signalsfrom the mobile device 104. The antenna array and the cellular node 108may determine the location of the mobile device 104 in the same mannerthat the mobile device 104 determines the location of the RFID devices102 as described above with respect to FIG. 3.

In operation 408, the cellular node 108 determines the absolutelocations of the RFID devices 102. The cellular node 108 may determinethe absolute location of the RFID devices 102 by combining the locationinformation for the mobile device 104 and the relative locationinformation for the RFID devices 102. For example, the cellular node 108can determine the distance and direction to the mobile device 104 usingthe location information for the mobile device 104 received in operation406. The cellular node 108 can then use vector addition to combine thedistance and direction to the mobile device 104 with the relativedistance and direction to the RFID devices 102 as determined by themobile device 104 and received by the cellular node 108 in operation404. If the absolute location of the cellular node is known, then theabsolute, real-time locations of the RFID devices 102 are determinableusing the vector addition method described above. Additionally orinstead, real-time locations of the RFID devices 102 may be determinedusing received signal strength (RSS) information, which may be presentin an RFID system.

In some examples, inventory systems may benefit from determining theabsolute locations of RFID devices 102. For example, a warehouse mayhave a cellular or Wi-Fi node, such as a router, at a fixed location,such as attached to the ceiling of the warehouse. Inventory items may beoutfitted with RFID tags. A worker may walk through the warehouse with amobile device that is configured to detect the identities and relativelocations of the inventory items based on the RFID tags. Thisinformation may then be communicated to the fixed cellular node alongwith the location information of the mobile device. The cellular node,or a computer attached thereto may then determine the identity andlocation of each inventory item in the warehouse without the need forindividually recording or scanning the inventory items by hand.

In another scenario, a consumer may have a mobile device and may bewalking through a store. The mobile device may be programmed to detectthe identities and/or relative locations of inventory items in the storebased on RFID tags on or proximate the items. As the consumer gathersitems for purchase (e.g. places them in a cart and/or begins to carrythem), the mobile device may identify those items as prospectivepurchase items as their location may change together with the mobiledevice as they move together through the store (e.g. their locationrelative to the mobile device may become more fixed, even as the mobiledevice moves). When the mobile device departs the store, the informationmay be communicated to a fixed cellular node along with the identity ofthe prospective purchase items, and an account associated with theconsumer may be charged an amount equal to a purchase price of theprospective purchase items.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a plurality of clusters 506, processingelements 204, a radio interface 210, and a cellular interface 212, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The clusters 506of processing elements 204, the radio interface 210, and the cellularinterface 212 may be implemented as described above with respect to FIG.2. As shown in FIG. 5, some of the clusters 506 may be grouped into oneor more sets. For example, a first number of clusters 506 may be groupedinto a first set 502 and a second number of clusters 506 may be groupedinto a second set 504. Each of the clusters 506 in the first set 502 maybe coupled to the radio interface 210, and the radio interface may routereceived signals to the clusters 506 in the first set 502. Each of theprocessing elements 204 in the clusters 506 may have a first instructionset loaded thereon and may process signals received from the radiointerface 210 according to the first instruction set. The clusters 506of the first set 502 may transmit processed signals to the clusters 506of the second set 504 via one or more switches. Each of the processingelements 204 of the clusters 506 of the second set 504 may have a secondinstruction set loaded thereon and process the received signalsaccording to the second instruction set to generate signals of a secondtype. The clusters 506 of the second set 504 may be coupled to thecellular interface 212 and may transfer the signals of the second typeto the cellular interface 212 to be transmitted via a plurality ofantennas (not shown).

Although each of the first set 502 and the second set 504 are shown asincluding nine clusters 506, greater or fewer clusters 506 may bedynamically added or subtracted from the first set 502 and/or the secondset 504 based on system demands. For example, if the number of radiosignals received by the antennas and transmitted to the radio interface210 increases, additional clusters 506 may be added to the first set 502to handle the increased processing load.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a plurality of clusters 506 coupled througha switch 602, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.In the embodiment of FIG. 6, each cluster 506 includes four processingelements 204. Each processing element 204 of a given cluster 506 maycommunicate directly with another processing element 204 within thatsame cluster 506. For example, each of the processing elements PE0-3 candirectly communicate with one another. Similarly, processing elementsPE4-7 can communicate directly, as can processing elements PE8-11 andPE12-15. Processing elements 204 of different clusters 506 maycommunicate with one another via a switch 602 based on instructions inwhatever instruction set is loaded for a given processing element 204.For example, the processing element PE14 may transmit a signal to theswitch 602 with an instruction that the signal should be routed to theprocessing element PE1. The switch may route the signal directly to theprocessing element PE1 or the switch may route the signal to anotherprocessing element in the same cluster as PE1 (e.g., processing elementsPE0, PE2, or PE3), which then route the received signal to processingelement PE1. By linking clusters of processing elements together in thismanner, greater or fewer clusters 506 may be added simply by changingthe instruction sets that are loaded for a set of processing elements.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a processing element 204, in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention. The processing element 204generally includes a processor 702 coupled to an instruction memory 704,a data memory 706, a direct memory access controller 708, and a switch710.

The processor 702 may include, for example, a number of processingcores. In some examples, the processor 702 may include circuitry,including custom circuitry, and/or firmware for performing functionsdescribed herein. For example, circuitry can include multiplicationunits/accumulation units for performing operations described herein. Theprocessor 702 may be, for example, a microprocessor or a digital signalprocessor (DSP), or any combination thereof. An example processor corecan include an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a bit manipulation unit, amultiplication unit, an accumulation unit, an adder unit, a look-uptable unit, a memory look-up unit, or any combination thereof. Theinstruction memory 704 is a memory device configured to store aninstruction set. The instruction memory 704 may generally be any type ofmemory. For example, the instruction memory 704 may be a volatilememory, such as dynamic random access memory, or non-volatile memory,such as flash memory. The data memory 704 is a memory device configuredto store received data, such as the data included in the signalsreceived and/or transmitted from the plurality of antennas 214. The datamemory 706 may generally be any type of memory. For example, the datamemory 706 may be a volatile memory, such as dynamic random accessmemory, or non-volatile memory, such as flash memory. The direct memoryaccess controller includes control circuitry for the processor 702 toaccess the instruction memory 704 and the data memory 706. The switch710 routes data from one processing element 204 to another processingelement 204. For example, the switch 710 may route data from oneprocessing element 204 to another processing element 204 within a singlecluster 506. The switch may generally be any type of switching fabric.

In operation, an instruction set may be loaded into and stored in theinstruction memory 704. Data in the form of the received signals arestored in the data memory 706. The processor 702 processes the data inthe data memory 706 in accordance with the instruction set stored in theinstruction memory 704. For example, the processor 702 may performarithmetic operations, convert the data from one format to another, orperform any other type of operations. The direct memory accesscontroller 708 may control access of the processor 702 to theinstruction memory 704 and/or the data memory 706. The processor 702 maytransfer processed data to one or more other processing elements 204 viathe switch 710.

Those of ordinary skill would further appreciate that the variousillustrative logical blocks, configurations, modules, circuits, andalgorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosedherein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer softwareexecuted by a processor, or combinations of both. Various illustrativecomponents, blocks, configurations, modules, circuits, and steps havebeen described above generally in terms of their functionality. Skilledartisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways foreach particular application, but such implementation decisions shouldnot be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the presentdisclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising: a first antenna array ofa mobile device configured to detect one or more radio frequency (RF)signals from one or more radio emitters of a radio frequency identifier(RFID) device; an integrated circuit chip implemented on the mobiledevice coupled to the first array of antennas, the integrated circuitchip comprising: a first plurality of processing elements configured todetermine and transmit location information about the one or moreemitters of the RFID device using the one or more RF signals, whereinthe first plurality of processing elements are further configured togenerate a set of data comprising the location information about the oneor more radio emitters of the RFID device based on the one or more RFsignals; one or more switches configured to communicate the received setof data comprising the location information about the one or more radioemitters of the RFID device from the first plurality of processingelements to a second plurality of processing elements; and the secondplurality of processing elements configured to receive and process theset of data comprising the location information about the one or moreradio emitters of the RFID device into one or more cellular signals forcommunication via a cellular network, wherein the second plurality ofprocessing elements are further configured to: convert the locationinformation about the one or more radio emitters of the RFID device intoinformation packets, wherein the information packets are formatted fortransmission in the cellular network; and generate the one or morecellular signals comprising the information packets; and a second arrayof antennas coupled to the second plurality of processing elements andconfigured to communicate the one or more cellular signals comprisingthe information packets to a cellular node via the cellular network. 2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first antenna array is configuredto detect radio frequency identification signals.
 3. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the first antenna array is a phased antenna array. 4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second array of antennas isconfigured to communicate with a cellular node via the cellular network.5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the cellular node has a knownlocation.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first plurality ofprocessing elements is further configured to process locationinformation about the one or more radio emitters of the RFID device fortransmission via the cellular network.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the first plurality of processing elements is configured totransmit a routing signal to the switch, the routing signal including aninstruction to route the signal, at the switch, to the second pluralityof processing elements.
 8. A method comprising: receiving, via a firstantenna array of a mobile device, a radio frequency (RF) signalassociated with a radio frequency identifier (RFID) of a RFID device;determining, at a first plurality of processing elements on anintegrated circuit chip implemented on the mobile device, locationinformation about the RFID device using the RF signal associated withthe RFID; generating, by the first plurality of processing elements, aset of data comprising the location information about the RFID device;transmitting, by the first plurality of processing elements, thelocation information about the RFD device to a switch on the integratedcircuit chip implemented on the mobile device; routing, by the switch,the set of data comprising the location information about the RFIDdevice from the first plurality of processing elements to a secondplurality of processing elements, wherein the switch is configured toprovide the set of data comprising the location information to thesecond plurality of processing elements; receiving and processing, bythe second plurality of processing elements, the set of data comprisingthe location information about the RFID device into a signal associatedwith a cellular network, wherein processing the set of data comprisingthe location information about the RFID device for communication via thecellular network further comprises: converting, by the second pluralityof processing elements, the location information about the RFID deviceinto information packets, wherein the information packets are formattedfor transmission in the signal associated with the cellular network;generating, by the second plurality of processing elements, the signalassociated with the cellular network as a cellular signal comprising theinformation packets; and transmitting, by a second antenna array, thecellular signal comprising the information packets to a cellular nodevia the cellular network.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the locationinformation about the RFID device comprises real-time locationinformation comprising a relative location of the RFID device and theintegrated circuit chip implemented on the mobile device.
 10. The methodof claim 8, wherein the second antenna array is part of the firstantenna array.
 11. The method of claim 10, further comprisingreconfiguring a first antenna of the antenna array to transmit thelocation information about the RFID device to the cellular node.
 12. Themethod of claim 8, further comprising determining a relative locationbetween the RFID device and the cellular node based, at least in part,on the location information about the RFID device.
 13. The method ofclaim 8, wherein responsive to the information packets generated by thesecond processing elements, the cellular node is further configured toderive an absolute location of the RFID device.
 14. The method of claim8, wherein responsive to the information packets generated by the secondprocessing elements, the cellular node is further configured tocalculate location direction of travel of the mobile device configuredto be coupled to the cellular node via a network.
 15. The method ofclaim 8, wherein responsive to the information packets generated by thesecond processing elements, the cellular node is further configured topredict a destination of the mobile device configured to be coupled tothe cellular node via a network.
 16. The method of claim 8, furthercomprising: obtaining, at the integrated circuit implemented on themobile device, the RF signal from the first antenna array of the mobiledevice.